Lyssna och läs: Mannen med batteriet

Innovatör. Utvecklingen av effektiva och hållbara laddningsbara batterier är en teknologisk knäckfråga i dagens moderna samhälle. Att en viktig grund för detta teknikområde lades av en svensk uppfinnare vid 1800-talets slut är okänt för de flesta.

Waldemar Jungner i elbilen som körde runt i Stockholm i 12 timmar år 1900.

Anders Houltz

2022-10-24 (uppdaterad 2025-04-25)

Platser

Oskarshamn

<p>Denna lösning hade Edison patenterat och han bestred nu Jungners patent, trots att detta bevisligen var tidigare och delvis byggde på andra idéer. ”Trollkarlen från Menlo Park”, som bland sina över tusen patent kunde räkna sådant som fonografen, glödlampan och mikrofonen, hade helt andra ekonomiska resurser än Jungner att driva de juridiska processer som internationella patentstrider innebar. I land efter land bestred Edison Jungners patent med understöd av en massiv marknadsföringskampanj, och det svenska företaget tvingades rikta alla resurser på att vinna striderna.</p> <p>Patenttvisten erbjöd tacksamt tidningsstoff. Svenska journalister skildrade den som en kamp mellan David och Goliat: en ung och okänd uppfinnare med små resurser i ett litet land mot en världsberömd och bottenlöst rik motståndare i det stora landet i väst. I en artikel den 8 januari 1903 skrev Svenska Dagbladet att Edison försökt bemäktiga sig Jungners patent och använt sig av alla resurser för att krossa sin motståndare.</p> <p>Ackumulatoraktiebolaget Jungner kunde likväl räkna in delsegrar i patentkriget under åren fram till 1905. Men i april det året utbröt en våldsam eld i Ackumulatoraktiebolagets fabriksvilla, orsakad av en exploderande fotogenlampa. Byggnaden totalförstördes och likaså bolagets omskrivna elektromobil. Olyckan innebar i praktiken slutet för Ackumulatoraktiebolaget Jungner. Waldemar Jungner avsade sig så gott som alla anspråk i företaget, inklusive patenträttigheterna till sina uppfinningar. Familjens ekonomi var i spillror, och Jungners hälsa var bruten. Men det faktum att han gav upp ackumulatorn innebär inte att han slutade som uppfinnare. I bostadshuset hade han inrett ett litet laboratorium och där ägnade han sig åt andra problem och idéer till nya uppfinningar.</p> </div><div class="module-image"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft137-jpg.webp 870w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft137-720x372-jpg.webp 720w" sizes="(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px" type="image/webp"><source data-lazy-srcset="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft137.jpg 870w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft137-720x372.jpg 720w" sizes="(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px" type="image/jpg"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20870%20450'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="image image-25632 size-large alignnone gt-inside-picture" alt="saft137" decoding="async" width="870" height="450" data-lazy-src="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft137.jpg" /><noscript><img src="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft137.jpg" class="image image-25632 size-large alignnone gt-inside-picture" alt="saft137" decoding="async" width="870" height="450" /></noscript></picture> <div class="image-info-container"> <p class="caption-container caption-icon"> Elbil vid Jungnerbolaget i Stockholm. </p> </div> </div><div class="module-text"></p> <h2>Jungners till Småland – och världen</h2> <p> Trots bakslagen var inte tilltron till Jungners uppfinningar uttömd. Andra intressenter stod redo att ta vid. År 1910 grundades Svenska ackumulatoraktiebolaget Jungner, som alltså trots att uppfinnaren inte längre var involverad i verksamheten kunde använda hans namn. Denna gång fanns tillräckliga ekonomiska resurser för en satsning, och företaget började tillverka batterier efter Jungners patent i en liten fabrik i småländska Fliseryd. Ledare för det nya företaget var Robert Ameln, som hörde till familjen bakom konserv- och fiskindustrin Abba (Aktie Bolaget Bröderna Ameln).</p> <p>Batterierna marknadsfördes under namnet Nife efter de kemiska förkortningarna för nickel och järn, men i själva verket hade de aktiva metallerna vid det laget ändrats och järnet bytts ut mot kadmium. Detta hade bland annat det goda med sig att grunderna för patentkriget mot Edison inte längre gällde, och fabriken kunde börja expandera sin verksamhet.</p> <p>Marknaden för laddningsbara batterier visade sig leva upp till förväntningarna. Det handlade inte längre primärt om bilbatterier, utan om järnvägar, fartyg, gruvor och mycket annat. Snart var Fliseryd för litet, och en ny fabrik invigdes i näraliggande Oskarshamn 1917. Företaget skaffade huvudkontor, och snart nog även fabrik, på Riddargatan i Stockholm, och började se sig om efter internationella marknader. Den första utländska fabriken öppnades i Norge 1918 och följdes snart av en rad andra länder. </p> <h2>Modernare tider</h2> <p> På 1950-talet var Jungnerkoncernen ett multinationellt företag som tillverkade batterier i flera världsdelar, men också en mängd andra produkter. Sedan ett par decennier ingick exempelvis Oskars hamns varvet med sin skeppstillverkning i organisationen. I staden Oskarshamn var Jungners ett begrepp, och varumärket Nife var välbekant i många delar av världen.</p> <p>Samtidigt började de miljöproblem med farliga substanser och utsläpp av tungmetaller som kännetecknade batteritillverkningen bli tydliga. Under 1970-talet var kritiken hård, samtidigt som företaget påbörjade satsningar för att förbättra förhållandena. 1980-talet blev en turbulent period med vacklande lönsamhet och många ägarbyten och fusioner. I september 1990 tillkännagav tidningarna att investmentbolaget AB Cardo, som vid den tidpunkten var ägare till företaget, skulle sälja Jungners (då AB Nife) till den franska batterikonkurrenten Saft Groupe. Många befarade att detta skulle innebära slutet för den svenska tillverkningen.</p> </div><div class="module-image"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft070-jpg.webp 870w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft070-720x372-jpg.webp 720w" sizes="(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px" type="image/webp"><source data-lazy-srcset="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft070.jpg 870w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft070-720x372.jpg 720w" sizes="(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px" type="image/jpg"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20870%20450'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="image image-25633 size-large alignnone gt-inside-picture" alt="saft070" decoding="async" width="870" height="450" data-lazy-src="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft070.jpg" /><noscript><img src="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/saft070.jpg" class="image image-25633 size-large alignnone gt-inside-picture" alt="saft070" decoding="async" width="870" height="450" /></noscript></picture> <div class="image-info-container"> <p class="caption-container caption-icon"> Kemiskt laboratorium med apparatur för bestämning av koldioxidhalten i fasta och flytande material. Oskarshamn, september 1960. </p> </div> </div><div class="module-text"><p>Under snart tre decennier med fransk ledning har dock fabriken i Oskarshamn snarare befäst sin ställning. Genom hårt driven rationalisering och satsning på batteriåtervinning utgör fabriken i dag inte bara den äldsta produktionsenheten i den franska storkoncernen, utan också den modernaste och mest lönsamma. Saft AB:s fabrik i Oskarshamn har cirka 530 anställda. Av hela Saftkoncernens omsättning 2017 på cirka 744 miljoner euro fördelat på 14 anläggningar stod Oskarshamnsfabriken för drygt 15 procent. Fabriken tillverkar avancerade reservkraftsystem för industri och samfärdsel i tekniska system och storskaliga anläggningar – fortfarande med utgångspunkt i Waldemar Jungners ackumulatorpatent från 1899. </p> <h2>Arvet efter uppfinnaren</h2> <p> Waldemar Jungner dog den 30 augusti 1924, vid 55 års ålder. Det är inte känt, och knappast särskilt troligt, att han någonsin besökte vare sig Fliseryd eller Oskarshamn. Den korrespondens som finns bevarad inskränker sig till ett brev från Waldemar Jungner till företaget från juni 1923. I brevet lovar han att ordna ett porträttfotografi som tydligen efterfrågats i ett tidigare brev. Tonen är artigt förekommande men distanserad.</p> <p>Vi kan inte dra några slutsatser om de känslor Jungner hyste inför det företag som byggde vidare på hans livsverk och bar hans namn. Tydligt är dock att han som person var uppfylld av uppfinnandet i sig, snarare än av företagandet. Sedan han lämnat ackumulatorområdet utvecklade han flera andra uppfinningar, varav den mest framgångsrika var en ny metod för utvinning av kaliumsalter för konstgödning som en biprodukt vid cementtillverkning. Kalicementmetoden fick stort genomslag och innebar att familjens ekonomi mot slutet av 1910-talet äntligen stabiliserades.</p> <p>Mot slutet av sitt liv fick Waldemar Jungner på olika sätt offentligt erkännande för sina insatser. Bland annat valdes han in i Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien, som i sitt minnesord karakteriserade sin bortgångne ledamot så här: ”Jungner var den typiske uppfinnaren: originell, full av idéer och till det yttersta optimistisk.” Och på många sätt framstår Jungner som sinnebilden av en uppfinnare från 1800-talets slut i Sverige. Han drevs av samma nyfikenhet som Gustaf de Laval, men led också av samma oförmåga att fylla rollen som framgångsrik företags ledare. Uppfinningar av Lars Magnus Ericsson, Sven Wingquist och Gustaf Dalén gav alla upphov till multinationella svenska teknikföretag, i dagligt tal ofta betecknade som snilleindustrier. Till denna kategori hör också Jungnerverken i Oskarshamn.</p> <p>Ur Företagshistoria 2018:4</p> <p>Batterifabriken är en ny bok av Anders Houltz (Förlaget Näringslivshistoria, 2018) som berättar hela historien om Waldemar Jungner och batterifabriken i Oskarshamn.</p> </div><div class="module-row module-sharpspring has-bg-image"><div class="bg-image"><picture><source data-lazy-srcset="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/subscription-background-jpg.webp 1736w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/subscription-background-720x339-jpg.webp 720w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/subscription-background-1080x509-jpg.webp 1080w, https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/subscription-background-1440x679-jpg.webp 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 1736px) 100vw, 1736px" type="image/webp"><source data-lazy-srcset="https://foretagskallan.se/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/subscription-background.jpg 1736w, 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